Abstract: This paper presents a Two-Agent New Keynesian (TANK) model with collateral-constrained borrowers and a time-varying shock to loan-to-value (LTV) ratios. A temporary tightening in lending standards in this model leads to a sizable drop in macroeconomic aggregates and significant macroeconomic fluctuations. The analysis shows that effects of shocks to LTV ratios are highly non-linear and state-dependent in the sense that amplification of shocks depends crucially on steady-state LTV ratios. Shocks when LTV ratios are already high lead to effects which are substantially stronger than when the steady-state LTV ratios are comparatively lower. The results in this paper also show that permanent LTV shocks lead to permanent decline in housing prices \u2013 a 10 percentage point decline in steady-state LTV ratio from 0.95 results in more than 0.3% decline in housing prices. A novel finding in this paper is that a permanent tightening in lending standards leads to a permanent decline in wages. Additionally, other shocks such as TFP shocks, housing demand shocks and labor supply shocks also show clear state dependence and have highly persistent effects.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sharma, V. (2023, November). (CASMEF Working Paper Series No. 6). Arcelli Centre for Monetary and Financial Studies, LUISS Guido Carli.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","publication_type":[559],"class_list":["post-9116","casmef_publication","type-casmef_publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"pub_unit":8770,"pub_file":9113},"yoast_head":"\n